Today In History: July 1st

• 1863 – American Civil War: the Battle of Gettysburg begins.
• 1870 – The United States Department of Justice formally comes into existence.
• 1898 – Spanish-American War: the Battle of San Juan Hill is fought in Santiago de Cuba.
• 1921 – The Communist Party of China is founded.
• 1963 – ZIP Codes are introduced for United States mail.
• 1968 – The CIA's Phoenix Program is officially established.
• 1997 – China resumes sovereignty over the city-state of Hong Kong, ending 156 years of British colonial rule.
• 2007 – Smoking in England is banned in all public indoor spaces.